A History of Genomics
Gregor Mendel first uncovered the core concepts of genetics and inherited traits
in 1865 using pea plants. Twenty or so years later, inherited
diseases were first linked to chromosomes. Years later, a number of other genetic
disorders were found and described by various geneticists.
In the 1950s, a number of discoveries were made about DNA, including the bases that
make it up, and the fact that bases work in complementary pairs. This is where the
"grandfathers of DNA" James Watson and Francis Crick, "found the secret of life."
They figured out the structure of DNA—a double helix that can unzip to make copies
of itself. This confirmed previous researchers' theories that DNA carried life's
hereditary information.
A number of other discoveries have been made since then. Today, genomics is becoming
more and more routine and accessible. The last few years in particular have seen
rapid advances in related technology and science. Most notably, the Human Genome
Project was completed in 2003. This was a massive international 13-year effort to
determine the complete sequence of the three billion DNA bases, identifying all human
genes, and making them accessible for further study. The Human Genome Project was
a remarkable feat that helped shape where we are headed in our genetic exploration.